Highly radiation-sensitive telomerized polyesters



United States Patent ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE Telomerized diacrylyl polyesters are obtained by reacting dicarboxylic acids with polyhydric alcohols having end groups capped by acrylic and methylacrylic groups. These polyesters have the formula tively low doses of ionizing radiation.

This invention in general deals with radiation-sensitive polymers. Particularly it concerns viscous, soluble, flowable, relatively low molecular weight polymers, known as oligomers, which, when subjected to ionizing radiation become insoluble and infusible. More specifically, it deals with telomerized polyesters which, on irradiation, convert to three-dimensional crosslinked, insoluble, infnsible polymers at relatively low doses of ionizing radiation.

The telomerized polyesters used in the practice of this invention are linear polyesters which are derived from the condensation of saturated aliphatic, including cycloaliphatic, polycarboxylic acids with saturated aliphatic, including cycloaliphatic, polyhydric alcohols whose end groups are capped by the highly radiation-sensitive acryl- Y P,

I cnFo-o 0 OH and have the general formula I I CHz=C-COOROOORCOOROOC=CH2 for example, CHFCHCOOCH CH OOCCOOCH CH OOCCH=CH and 0 H3 0 H CHz=( J O O O CHgCH O O O CHZCHZC O O CHzCHzO O C (I3=CH2 In these formulas, R represents a divalent saturated aliphatic (including cycloaliphatic) hydrocarbon radical 3,455,802 Patented July 15, 1969 "ice having 01() carbon atoms; R is a divalent saturated aliphatic (or cycloaliphatic) hydrocarbon radical having 1-10 carbon atoms; and R" hydrogen or CH Instead of the free acids, R(COOH) and $1! CH2=CCOOH suitable derivatives such as their anhydrides, acid chlorides, or omega hydroxyalkyl esters may be used in the synthesis of these polyesters, and also instead of the diols, R'(OH) the corresponding alkylene oxides,

can, when available, also be used, wherein R' is H or an alkyl group containing 1-10 carbon atoms.

Telomerized polyesters with a greater number of repeating segments, and therefore of higher molecular weight than the simplest polysters, are prepared by increasing the ratio of the n moles of dicarboxylic acid and the n+1 moles of diol to the 2 moles of acrylic acid to maintain the molar ratio of diacidzdiohacrylic at n: (n+1) :2. Thus it may be seen that the simplest polyester is obtained with one mole of diacid; two moles of diol and two moles of acrylic acid. When the value of n is increased for the dicarboxylic acid, to 2, the value for the diol becomes 3 and that for the acrylic function remains constant at 2.

In the case where n equals 1, the syntheses of these telomerized oligomers can be accomplished by any or all of the following reactions, since it is immaterial in which order the reactants are combined:

I I CHFG-C O O RO O O-R-C O O 3/0 0 C C=CH3 (Eq. 10)

Oligomers in which the value of n is larger than 1 are readily prepared by the same reactions as given hereinabove by simply changing the ratio of the dicarboxylic acid to the desired value of n and that of the diol to n plus 1 while maintaining the molar quantity of the acrylic moiety at 2, thus wherein n represents a numerical value of 1-14; R represents a connecting linkage between two carboxylic radicals selected from the class consisting of a single valence clohexane, 2,2-diethyl-propanediol-1,3, 2,2-dimethylpropanediol-l,3, 3-methylpentanediol-1,4, 2,2-diethylbutanediol 1,3, 4,5-dihydroxynonane, pentamethylene glycol, heptamethylene glycol, nonamethylene glycol, decamethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, propylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, 2-ethylhexanediol-l,3, etc. Alkylene oxides can also be used to give corresponding glycol derivatives, such as propylene oxide, ethylene oxide, 2,3-butylene oxide, etc.

Some illustrative examples of the various acids which can be used in preparing the telomerized polyesters used in the practice of this invention are oxalic, malonic, succinic, adipic, glutaric, sebacic, Z-methyl succinic, pim'elic, 2,3-dimethyl succinic, suberic, hexyl succinic, 1,2- hexahydrophthalic, 1,3 hexahydrophthalic, 1,4 hexahydrophthalic, azelaic, 1,1 cyclobutanedicarboxylic, transl,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylic, 3,3-diethyl glutaric, 3,3-dimethyl glutaric, 2,2-dimethyl glutaric, 2,2-dimethyl succinic, Z-ketoglutaric, diglycollic acids, etc.

It is most important to note that the various classes of telomerized polyesters used in the practice of this invention contain only saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon structures in their polycarboxylic acid and polyhydric alcohol segments. It is because of this aliphatic character that these telomerized polyesters are highly responsive to ionizing radiation, and in fact, substitution of any of the aliphatic polycarboxylic acids by aromatic carboxylic acids or substitution of the aliphatic polyhydric alcohol by aromatic alcohols, decreases the response to ionizing irradiation to such a point that they are not economically feasible.

As an example, the dimethacrylyl telomerized polyethylene succinates,

CH3 CH crosslink at about 2 m'egarads, whereas the corresponding phthalyl derivative,

and the correspoding xylyl derivative,

bond and a divalent saturated aliphatic (including cycloaliphatic) hydrocarbon radical having up to 10 carbon atoms; and R represents a saturated divalent aliphatic hydrocarbon radical (including cycloaliphatic) containing 2-10 carbon atoms and R" represents hydrogen or CH In other words, -OOCRCOO- represents the dicarboxylic radicals derived from oxalic, malonic, succinic acids etc. up to decanedioic acid.

Depending on the nature of R, R and R" the viscosity of these telomerized polyesters increases from about 100 to 9000 centistokes at 20 C. as the value of It increases from 1-14. Also depending on the values of n, R and R", the molecular weight of these telomerized esters will vary from about 275 for the lowest one at a value of n=1 to about 8800 for n equal to 14 when the diacid is decanedicarboxylic acid and the diol is dodecanediol.

Some illustrative examples of the various alcohols which can be used in synthesizing the telomerized polyesters used in this invention are ethylene glycol, trimethylene glycol, tetramethylene glycol, 2,3-dihydroxybutane, 1,4-dihydroxybutane, 1,4-dihydroxy-2-ethylbutane, 1,6 dihydroxyhexane, 1,8-dihydroxyoctane, 2,10-dihydroxydecane, 1,4-dihydroxycyclohexane, 1,4-dimethylolcyboth require 12 and 14 megarads respectively, to become insoluble and infusible.

This difference is surprising particularly because these three telomerized esters all cure with radical initiators such as with 1% benzoyl peroxide in about to seconds at C., and with redox systems of cobalt acetate and tertiary butyl hydroperoxide in three to three and one-half hours at room temperature. The dilference is due apparently to the fact that aromatic ring compounds such as phenyl, naphthyl and the like are energy Sinks for irradiation.

It will be noted too that the aliphatic hydrocarbon structures in the polycarboxylic and polyhydric alcohol segments are saturated. This is for the purpose of avoiding brittleness and reducing susceptibility to oxidation and discoloration in the irradiated products. By having the unsaturation only at the ends of the telomerized diacryl polyester more ductile products are obtained upon irradiation and resultant crosslinking, particularly Where there are long saturated chains between the connecting acrylyl groups. Also by having only the acrylyl unsaturation in these compounds there is less residual unsaturation after irradiation and therefore less susceptibility to oxidation and discoloration.

The term irradiation, as used herein, means high energy radiation and/ or the secondary energies resulting from the conversion of this electron or other particle energy to neutron or gamma radiation, said energies being at least equivalent to about 100,000 electron volts. While various types of irradiation are suitable for this purpose, such as X-ray and gamma and beta rays, the radiation produced by accelerated high energy electrons has been found to be very conveniently and economically applicable and to give very satisfactory results. However, regardless of the type of irradiation and the type of equipment used for its generation or application, the use thereof in the practice of the invention as described herein is contemplated as falling within the scope of this invention so long as the ionization radiation is equivalent to about 100,000 electron volts.

While there is no upper limit to the electron energy that can be so applied advantageously, the effects desired in the practice of this invention can be accomplished without having to go above about 20,000,000 electron volts. Generally, the higher the electron energy used, the greater is the depth of penetration into the massive structure of the materials to be treated, and the shorter is the time of exposure required to accomplish the desired result. For other types of irradiation, such as gamma and X-rays, energy systems equivalent to the above range of electron volts are desirable.

It is intended that the term irradiation include what has been referred to in the prior art as ionizing radiation which has been defined as radiation possessing an energy at least suflicient to produce ions or to break chemical bonds and thus includes also radiations such as ionizing particle radiation as well as radiations of the type termed ionizing electromagnetic radiation.

The term ionizing particle radiation has been used to designate the emission of electrons or highly accelerated nuclear particles such as protons, neutrons, alpha-particles, deuterons, beta-particles, or their analogs, directed in such a way that the particle is projected into the mass to be irradiated. Charged particles can be accelerated by the aid of voltage gradients by such devices as accelerators with resonance chambers, Van der Graafi' generators, betatrons, synchrotons, cyclotrons, etc. Neutron radiation can be pro duced by bombarding a selected light metal such as beryllium with positive particles of high energy. Particle radiations can also be obtained by the use of an atomic pile, radioactive isotopes or other natural or synthetic radioactive materials.

Ionizing electromagnetic irradiation" is produced when a metallic target, such as tungsten, is bombarded with electrons of suitable energy. This energy is conferred to the electrons by potential accelerators of over 0.1 million electron volts (mev.). In addition to radiations of this type, commonly called X-ray, an ionizing electromagnetic radiation suitable for the practice of this invention can be obtained by means of a nuclear reactor (pile) or by the use of natural or synthetic radioactive material, for example, Cobalt 60.

Various types of high power electron linear accelerators are commercially available, for example, the ARCO type travelling Wave accelerator, model Mark I, operating at 3 to million electron volts, such as supplied by High Voltage Engineering Corporation, Burlington, Mass, or other types of accelerators as described in United States Patent No. 2,763,609 and in British Patent No. 762,953 are satisfactory for the practice of this invention.

In the following examples, the radiation doses are reported in megarads, which represent 1,000,000 rads. A rad is defined as the unit of absorbed dose and is equal to 100 ergs per gram.

Many monomers as Well as polymers have been subjected to ionizing radiation to convert them to improved or modified products. However, irradiation processes have been primarily of scientific interest, and very little use of such irradiation polymer processes has been made industrially. This is primarily due to economic factors because of the cost of the ionizing radiation delivered to the system to be treated. For example, the well-known low-cost polyester systems which consist of a mixture of about equal parts by weight of styrene monomer and -unsaturated alkyd resin prepared from maleic or fumaric anhydride, phthalic anhydride and ethylene glycol or diethylene glycol can be more economically polymerized by free radical initiators than by ionizing radiation which requires about 25 to 40 megarads, depending on the formulation.

Such systems can be improved somewhat, however, by elimination of phthalic anhydride in the formulation of the polyester and substituting the higher cost monomeric acrylic esters for the styrene. Even in such systems, the economic factors are unfavorable not only because of the much higher cost of the mixture but because of the high volatility of the acrylic or methacrylic esters used. Even in such cases the irradiation dose required is of the order of 18 to 20 megarads and the systems are highly inhibited by oxygen. The addition of substances such as acetone or methyl ethyl ketone can reduce the required dose to 9 to 12 megarads. Even then the products possess the undesirable odor of unpolymerized acrylic monomer.

In contrast, by the use of the acrylyl telomerized polyesters used in the practice of this invention and described hereinabove, crosslinked, insoluble, infusible polymers can be prepared readily by subjecting the polyesters to ionizing radiation in doses of less than 8 megarads and in some cases to doses of 0.5 megarad or less, generally preferably at least about 1 megarad. Irradiation dosages in this range are economical.

Furthermore, the acrylyl components in these telomerized polyesters are located at the ends of the polyester chains where they can more effectively crosslink. More important, the acrylyl components comprise a minor portion of the composition, and are particularly economical when the value of n in these telomerized polyesters is at least 2. In addition, because the molecular weight of the telomerized polyester is much higher than a corresponding simple monomer such as methyl methacrylate or ethyl acrylate, it can function in a single molecule both as monomer and as polymer.

Even more surprising is the fact that this property of crosslinking at economical radiation doses is maintained when these telomerized polyesters are admixed with unsaturated alkyd resins alone or in the presence of other polymers provided the unsaturated alkyd resin and the other polymers are of the non-aromatic type, that is, they are free of aromatic rings which act as energy sinks and retard the crosslinking reaction. One of the advantages of these diacrylyl polyesters is their compatibility with various types of resins, particularly polyester or alkyd types.

A few illustrative examples of suitable polymers which may be dissolved in or mixed with the telomerized polyesters of this invention along with the unsaturated alkyd resins are the non-aromatic type polymers such as polyvinyl acetate, polyethyl acrylate, polymethyl methacrylate, cellulose acetate, cellulose butyrate, ethyl cellulose, polyethylene adipate, polyethylene azeleate, polydecamethylene succinate, polydecamethylene sebacate, etc. The telomerized polyesters are also compatible with polyvinyl chloride, particularly upon the application of moderate heat.

The telomerized polyesters of this invention are particularly useful as coating compositions on all types of substrates, including cellulose in its various forms, such as paper, wood, paper board, wood board, wood pulp, regenerated cellulose in film or fiber form, laminates of various types including those prepared from fibrous fillers bonded with urea, melamine, epoxy and polyester resins, plaster board, concrete in its various forms such as slabs, blocks and the like. They may also be used as impregnants for porous bodies such as the compositions hereinabove named, as Well as for synthetic and natural sponges, etc. Particularly do they find use as bonding agents and adhesives for solid, porous and foamed bodies. They can be used alone or admixed with each other or with other copolymerizable monomers, unsaturated or saturated polymers, in the absence or presence of dyes, pigments, plasticizers. For coating, impregnating or adhesive compositions where the presence of small amounts of solvent in the cured composition is not objectionable they can be mixed With volatile or non-volatile solvents of a nonaromatic nature best suited to the particular application. The products resulting from the irradiation of the telomerized polyesters of this invention can vary from soft flexible bodies to hard rigid masses.

The telomerized radiation-sensitive polyesters of this invention are particularly useful in the preparation of copolymers with unsaturated alkyd resins. In carrying this portion of the invention into effect, an esterification product of a polyhydric alcohol and an alpha, beta, unsaturated polycarboxylic acid is first prepared in accordance with techniques now well known to those skilled in the alkyd resin art.

Any aliphatic polyhydric alcohol containing at least two esterifiable aliphatic hydroxy groups, or mixtures of such alcohols, can be used in preparing the unsaturated alkyd resins. Examples of such polyhydric alcohols are ethylene glycol, di-, tri-, and tetra-ethylene glycols, thiodiglycol, glycerine, pentaerythritol, 1,4-dihydroxy-butene- 2, dimethylol cyclohexane, dihydroxycyclohexane, etc. Any non-aromatic alpha-unsaturated, alpha, beta-polycarboxylic acid, or mixtures of such acids, can be reacted with the polyhydric alcohol or alcohols to form the unsaturated alkyd resin. Examples of such polycarboxylic acids are maleic, fumaric, citraconic, mesaconic, acetylene dicarboxylic, aconitic, cyclohexene dicarboxylic, etc., itaconic and its homologues, as, for instance, alpha methyl itaconic acid, alpha, alpha-dimethyl itaconic acid, etc. Anhydrides of these polycarboxylic acids can also be employed.

In some cases, instead of using an unmodified, unsaturated alkyd resin, an unsaturated alkyd resin can be used which has been internally modified by replacing a part, say up to about 75 mole percent, of the unsaturated polycarboxylic acid with saturated aliphatic polycarboxylic acids, such as succinic, adipic, glutaric, pimelic, sebacic, azelaic, suberic, tricarballylic, etc.

Anhydrides of these acids, if available, can also be used. The term polycarboxylic acid as used generally herein is intended to include the anhydrides of the acids.

The esterification products of polyhydric alcohols with ethylenic polycarboxylic acids, or with aliphatic polycarboxylic acids, can be further modified by introducing as a reactant in the preparation of the alkyd resin, a mono-esterifiable compound or compounds, more particularly a saturated or unsaturated normal or isomeric monohydric alcohol, or mixture thereof, a saturated or unsaturated monocarboxylic acid, or mixture thereof, or both such esterifiable monohydroxy organic compounds as Well as by the use of hydroacids.

Examples of non-aromatic monohydric alcohols which can be used as modifiers of the alkyd resin are propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, amyl, isoamyl, hexyl, octyl, decyl, dodecyl, tetradecyl, cetyl, octadecyl, cyclohexyl, cyclopentyl, etc. The use of methyl and ethyl alcohol is not precluded, but in general these alcohols are less satisfactory because of their lower boiling points. As monobasic acids there can be used, for example, the unsubstituted saturated and unsaturated normal or isomeric monocarboxylic acids containing only one esterifiable group, such as acetic, propionic, butylic to stearic, inclusive, hexahydrobenzoic, hexahydrotoluic, acrylic, methacrylic, furoic acids, etc.

The monoesterifiable compounds can be introduced into the esterification before, during, or after the esterification of the polyhydric alcohol with the polycarboxylic acid under conditions that promote interesterification of the monoesterifiable compound with the incompletely esterified polyhydric alcohol-polycarboxylic acid product. That is, the monoesterifiable compound is introduced into the reaction mass before all of the acid groups of the polyhydric acid, or all of the alcohol groups of the polyhydric alcohol have been esterified.

The term unsaturated non-aromatic alkyd resins, as used generally herein and in the appended claims, is intended to include within its meaning both unmodified esterification products of a non-aromatic polyhydric alcohol with a non-aromatic alpha-unsaturated, alpha, betapolycarboxylic acid and esterification products of these components which have been modified, for example, as briefly described hereinabove. An alternate term is unsaturated aliphatic alkyd resins (including cycloaliphatic types).

To achieve copolymerization of the unsaturated alkyd resin with the telomerized polyesters of this invention, a solution or mixture of the unsaturated alkyd resin in the telomerized polyesters is first effected. Copolymerization of the components of the mixture is achieved rapidly and advantageously by ionizing radiation, such as by atomic radiation from a reactor, or from Cobalt 60, or by means of high energy electrons generated by an electron linear accelerator.

Typical examples of unsaturated alkyd resins are:

Alkyd Resin A-Ethylene glycol itaconate Parts by weight Ethylene glycol 23 Itaconic acid 52 The components are mixed and slowly heated in the course of one hour from room temperature to 190 C., in an inert nitrogen atmosphere, and held at this temperature for three to five hours.

Alkyd Resin BEthylene glycol maleate Parts by Weight Ethylene glycol 31 Maleic anhydride 32 Parts by weight Diethylene glycol 106 Maleic anhydride 88 Acetic anhydride 10 The ingredients are mixed together and refluxed for one hour in an inert nitrogen atmosphere after which the reaction mixture is brought to 190 C., which temperature is maintained for four to six hours.

It will be understood, of course, that this invention is not limited to the use of the specific unsaturated alkyd resins mentioned above and that a broad modification of the nature of the copolymer is possible by using other unsaturated aliphatic alkyd resins or mixtures of such resins. As illustrative examples of other unsaturated alkyd resins, the following esterification products can be used, as illustrated in alkyd resins D to I. Aromatic alkyd resin 1 is included for comparison.

Alkyd Resin Components (parts) D {Diethylene glycol (160). Maleic anhydride (147).

E {Diethylene glycol (106).

""""""""" Itaconic acid F {Glycerine (18.4).

""""""""" Itaconie acid (39.0).

G Ethylene glycol (6.0).

In many cases, instead of polymerizing a single telomerized polyester with a single unsaturated alkyd resin, mixtures can be used of two or more telomerized polyesters with a single unsaturated aliphatic alkyd resin, or a single telomerized polyester with two or more unsaturated aliphatic alkyd resins, or a mixture or two or more telomerized polyesters with two or more unsaturated aliphatic alkyd resins. In conjunction with the alkyd resins, comonomers can be used which are copolymerizable with the telomerized polyester or with the unsaturated alkyd resins, or with both, for example, one or more telomerized polyesters can be used with one or more unsaturated aliphatic alkyd resins together with methyl methacrylate.

In addition to, or in lieu of the methyl methacrylate, other comonomers or mixture of comonomers can be used, for example, the vinyl esters, that is, vinylacetate, and the vinyl esters of saturated and unsaturated, and aliphatic, monobasic and polybasic acids, and more specifically the vinyl esters of the following acids: propionic, isobutyric, valeric, caprylic, capric, oleic, stearic, acrylic, methacrylic, crotonic, oxalic, malonic, succinic, glutaric, adipic, suberic, azelaic, maleic, fumaric, itaconic, mesaconic, hexahydrobenzoic, citric, trimesic, etc., as well as the corresponding allyl, methallyl, etc. esters of the aforementioned acids.

Other suitable comonomers are the acrylic and alkacrylic acids and their derivatives, such as their esters, amides and corresponding nitriles, for example, acrylic acid, methyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, allyl acrylate, ethylene glycol diacrylate, acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile, methacrylic acid, methyl methacrylate, etc.; the itaconic acid monoesters and diesters, such as the methyl, ethyl, allyl, dimethallyl, the maleic and fumaric acid monoesters, diesters and their amide and nitrile compounds, such as, ethyl allyl maleate, fumaryl dinitrile, dimethallyl fumarate, etc.; the others, such as methallyl allyl ether, vinyl allyl ether, vinyl methallyl ether, allyl crotyl ether, vinyl crotyl ether; cyanuric acid derivatives such as diallyl cyanurate, triallyl cyanurate, trivinyl cyanurate, or in general, triazine compounds having at least one polymerizable or copolymerizable unsaturated group attached directly or indirectly to the triazine ring, as Well as the partial, soluble or fusible polymers of the hereinabove listed monomers, etc.

The modified unsaturated aliphatic alkyd resins of this invention can be used alone or with fillers, dyes, pigments, opacifiers, lubricants, plasticizers, natural and synthetic resins or other modifying bodies in, for example, casting, molding, laminating, coating applications, and as adhesives, impregnants, and protective coatings.

In coating, impregnating and similar applications, the mixed monomeric or partially copolymerized materials, without added solvent can be applied to the object to be treated and polymerized, with or without the application of heat and pressure, to form the final insoluble polymeric composition in situ. These new synthetic materials can be used as impregnants for many porous bodies, such as cork, pottery, felts, or fabricated bodies with interstices, such as the windings of electrical coils, netted fibers, interwoven fibrous cotton or glass materials, etc. They can also be used for the production of wire coatings and winding tapes, and for protectively coating impervious articles, such as metals, or for coating and impregnating articles such as paper, wood, cloth, glass fibers in felted woven or other form, concrete, linoleum, synthetic boards, etc. These new synthetic materials can also be employed in making laminated fibrous sheet materials wherein superimposed layers of cloth, paper, glass fabrics or mats, etc., are firmly bonded together with these new compositions. Also, these new mixtures comprising at least one telomerized polyester of this invention and at least one unsaturated aliphatic alkyd resin, with or without modifying agents, can be cast under pressure while being irradiated.

In preparing the interpolymerization products of the unsaturated aliphatic alkyd resin and the telomerized polyester, the unsaturated alkyd resin can constitute as much as 98 to 9-9 percent by weight of the whole. In other cases the telomerized polyester alone, or admixed with aliphatic comonomers or modifiers, can constitute as much as 98 to 99 percent by weight of the whole.

In general, the proportions of the components used in a particular formulation will depend upon the particular properties desired in the interpolymer. For most applications, it is preferred to use 30 to percent of the unsaturated aliphatic alkyd resin and from 10 to 70 percent of the telomerized polyester, since within these ranges interpolymers best adapted for most commercial applications can be produced.

Within these ranges the new interpolymers have a wide range of properties. For example, depending upon the particular telomerized polyester or mixture of telomerized polyesters used with the particular unsaturated aliphatic alkyd resin the particular proportions thereof, the conditions of polymerization, such as the temperature, pressure, presence or absence of additives, etc., the irradiation dose, and the extent of polymerization, they can vary from soft flexible bodies to hard rigid masses of varying resistance to solvents.

In the intermediate stages of copolymerization, some form fluid compositions of varying viscosities and may be so used. For coating or impregnating applications where the presence of a small amount of solvent in the cured composition is not objectionable, the mixed starting component can be diluted with volatile or non-volatile solvents or diluents best suited for the particular service application, and then can be polymerized after the application of the solution to the particular article to be coated or impregnated, or impregnated and coated. By suitable selection of the starting material and the conditions of the interpolymerization, interpolymers can be obtained in an insoluble, infusible state practically resistant to the destructive eifect of other chemical bodies, such as acid, bases, salts, solvents, swelling agents, and the like.

When it is desired to modify the properties of the polymers of the telomerized polyesters of this invention, this can be accomplished by copolymerizing a mixture comprising at least one telomerized polyester with at least one copolymerizable unsaturated ethylenic, or acetylenic hydrocarbon radical, more particularly, a CH =C radical, such as vinyl, allyl, methallyl, vinylidene, etc., or with a copolymerizable compound containing a or a --CH=C or a C=C grouping, for example, as in vinylidene fluoride, vinylidene cyanide, vinyl propionate, maleic anhydride, or its esters and amides, methyl maleic anhydride, tetrafluoroethylene, etc.

Additional examples of copolymerizable comonomers are monomeric or partially polymerized vinyl esters, such as the acetate, propionate, etc.; vinyl ketones, methvinyl ketones, olefinic nitriles, such as acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile, fumaryl nitrile, beta-cyano-ethylacrylate, acrylic and methacrylic esters, for example, methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, propyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, ethyl methacrylate, propyl methacrylate, butyl methacrylate, octyl methacrylate, glycol dimethacrylate, allyl methacrylate, etc.; itaconic esters, for example, dimethyl itaconate, diethyl itaconate, diallyl itaconate; olefinic amides, for example, acrylamide, itaconamide, the maleic monoand di-amides, and the corresponding imides, etc., the vinyl ethers, for example, vinyl butyl ether, vinyl isobutyl ether, vinyl cyclohexyl ether, th dienes, etc., for example, butadiene, isoprene, dimethyl butadiene, etc.

In preparing copolymers of the telomerized polyesters with other polymerizable comonomers such as methyl methacrylate, acrylonitrile, and the like, the telomerized polyesters can constitute as little as 0.1 percent by weight of the whole, whereas in other cases, the telomerized number is substantially zero. There is obtained the telepolyesters alone can constitute as much as 98 to 99 permerized oligomer (a) (I311S I (IJHH CH =CCOCHzfJHOOOCHzCHzO0OCHQCHQOOOCHzCHzCOOFHCH OOCC=CHg CH3 CH3 cent of the whole. As in the case of the copolymers with which is a slightly viscous, light-colored oily product. unsaturated aliphatic alkyd resins, the proportion of the When an equivalent amount of 2-hydroxypropylene acecomponents in a particular formulation will depend upon tate is substituted for the methacrylate there is obtained the particular comonomers used and the particular propa viscous product having Formula b:

CH C O O CHzCHO O COH2CH2CO OOHzCHgO O C CHgCHgCO O ICHCHBO O C CH3 CH3 CH erties desired in the copolymer. The polymers and co- EXAMPLE II $22 32? can be Prepared most Raddy by lomzmz The procedure of Example I is repeated ten times using Various methods of racticin the invention are illusrespectively Instead of the Parts of Zhydroxypropyl P D methacrylate: trated by the following examples. These examples are m- Parts tended merely to illustrate the invention and not in any 25 (a) z hydroxyethyl methacrylate 260 sense to limit the 1118111161 in Which the invention can (b) z hydroxyethyl acrylate 23 2 be practiced. The parts and percen ges r i therein (6) z hydroxypropyl acrylate b and all through this specification, unle p fi lly p (d) 3 hydroxypropyl acrylate I": gldedpltlit efwlse, refer to parts by wc g a percentages 3 (e) 3 hydroxypmpyl methacrylate 28,8 Ywelg (f) Diethylene glycol monoacrylate 26.0 EXAMPLE I (g) Diethylene glycol monomethacrylate 28.8 In a suitable apparatus equipped with a stirrer, reflux i l4'hexahydmxyiyhdene glycol monoacrylate condenser, inert gas inlet, heating mantle, and t ermfliib f 101 f i "I static control for the reactor, are placed 28.8 parts of J ecame yene gyco acry ate 2-hydroxypropy1 methacrylate, 20 parts of succinic acid and there are obtained respectively CH3 CH3 (a) CHFCCO O CHgCHzOOC CHzCHzC O O CHgOHgOO C CHzCHzCO O CHgCHgOO Ci3=CHg (b') CHFCHCOOCH2CH2O O CCHzCHgCO O CHZCHQO O CCHzCHzCOO CHzCHzO O C CH=CH (c') CHFCHCOOCHflIJHOOC CHzCHzCOOCHgCHzO 0C (111 011 00 0 01101120 00 CH=CH2 CH CHa (d) CH=CHCO 0 CHzCHzCHzO 0 C CHgCHzCO O CHgCHzO C CHzCHzCOO CHaCHzCHgO OC CH=CH CH5 CH (6') CHg=( CO O GHQCHZOHZO O C CHaCHgCO O CHgCHzO O C CHQCHQCO O CHgCHgCHgO OCi3=CH:

(i) CHFCHCO O (CHzCHzCDgO O C CHzCHzCO O CHaCHgO OC CHgCHgCOO (O CHzCHz)2O 0 C CH=CH (EH3 CH3 (g) CH2=CCOO (CHzCHgO)gO 0C CHICHZC O O CHICHBO O CCHaCHzCO O (O CHaCHz) O O C-i3=CH1 CHzCHg (h') [CH CHC O O CHa-Cfi CHCHzO 0C CHgCHgCO 0 CH2]:

CHzC a CHzCHg (i) [OH CHCOO C GHQ 00 CHQCHZCO 0 CH2]:

CHzC n (1") CH CHCO O (CHa)1oO 0C CHaCHzCO 0 CHZCHQO O C CHzCHzCO O (CH2)1OO O CCH=CH anhydride, and 0.25 part of hydroquinone. The appara- EXAMPLE III tus is first deoxygenated by sweeping dry deoxygenated nitrogen through the apparatus and thereafter allowing a slow stream of nitrogen to pass through during the re- The procedure of Example I is repeated six times using respectively instead of the six parts of ethylene glycol:

action. The mixture is heated to l25130 C. for thirty Parts minutes to give a quantitative yield of (a) Butylene glyCol 9 0113 (b) Decamethylene glycol 17.4

HOOCCH CH COOCHCH OOCzCH; Hexamelhylene glycol 1 ((1) Propylene glycol 7.6

3 (e) 1,4-cyclohexanediol 11.6

Then six parts of ethylene glycol are added and the re- 7 (f) 1,4-hexahydroxylylidene glycol 14.4 action continued for about four hours or until the acid 5 (g) Triethylene glycol 15.0

and there are obtained respectively CH CHa (a) CHz=iJ-COOH CEOOCOH CH COO(CHz)4OOOCH CHgCOOCHCHzOOC-i=CH,

CH; CH; CH3 CH (b) CHF=( JCOOCH CHOOCCHgCHgCOO(CH2)10OOCCH;CH COOCHCHQOOC-iJ=CH $11 3113 CH3 CH3 (0) 0H2=i3o000H,CH0oocngcmooowHmoOGCHgOHgCO0oHoH0o0-iJ=GH:

c lHs ICH4 I CH3 CH3 ((1') CH =C C00CH CHOOCOHQCH COOCHCHzOOCCHflJH COOCHOHg00C-iJ=CH3 (1H3 (13H; (1H3 CH; CHzOH CH; (e) Cli iJ-COOCHAJHOOCCH CH COOCH 0H0000112011200o0H0H,00C-i:=cH:

311; CHzCHg Ha CH3 CH2CH1 CH; (t') CHFC ICOOGHgCHOOCCHzCHzCOOCHzC GHCHgOO0oH,cH,C0ocHCH;o0c-i3=om CH3 CHgC 6H3 CH3 CH3 (g') oH2=( J000cH,0Hoocomomoo0(omcmo occmomcoooficmooo-iholi,

CH: 5H3

EXAMPLE IV When the other reagents used in Examples I, II, III and The rocedure of Example I is repeated using respec- IV are I'CflCtfid by methods A and B, the d6Sil'6d products tively instead of the 20 parts of succinic anhydride: are also obtained.

p Method A: The reactor of Example I is equipped with l i anhydride 21 a Dean-Stark trap to collect condensed water, and to the (b) 1,2-hexahydrophthalic anhydride 30,8 reactor is added 26 parts of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, (c) Methyl succinic anhydride 22.8 0.2 part of hydroquinone and 20 parts of snccinic anhy- (d) Dimethyl succinic anhydride 25.6 dride and the mixture reacted for twenty minutes at 130 and there are obtained respectively C. Then there is added 6 parts of ethylene glycol, 0.15

CH3 CH3 (a) CHF(I3CO 0 CHzCHOO C (0H,)3O0 00112011200 0 (GHmC 00 OHCHgO 0 o 3=oH,

(IJHQ (3H3 0111011, CHgCHg C 2 CH2 CH: CH: (b) CH ==C-COOCHzCHOOC-Cl CH-COOCH2GH1OOCCH CHCOOCHCH:OOCC=CH1 CH3 CH CH3 CH3 (0') CHFiJ-GO 0 CHQCHO 0 0 CHCH C o 0 CHCHQO 0 0013011100 0 CHCHZOO 0-i3=0H1 CH3 CH3 )Ha H; CH3 CH3 (d) CH JCOOCH CHOOOCH-CHOOOCH GHzOOCCHCHCOOCHCH OOOiJ=CH CH3 CH3 CH3 |CH: 6H3 CH3 EXAMPLE, part of toluene sulfonic acid, and parts of toluene A l Of The radiation-Sensitive y y terminated P 3!- and the mixture refluxed until no more water of conesters of Examples I inclusi"? can be pwipared by densation is collected in the Dean-Stark trap. The mixalternate procedures as lllustrated 1n the following methd A d B f h Synthesis f 7 ture 15 then neutralized w1th SOlld sodium bicarbonate,

CH3 CH3 CH;=( JCO OCHaCHgO O C CHgCHgCOO CHaCHzO O C CHzOHnCO OCHzCHzO OCC=CH:|

3,455,802 16 filtered and the toluene removed by distillation at 15 mm. pressure, leaving CH2=C-C O O CHzOHgO O C CHnCHzC O O CHzGHzO O C CHrCHzC O O CHzCHzO 0 C-C=CH:

droxide, the solution filtered, and the toluene removed by distillation at reduced pressure, leaving (3H3 (1H3 (a) 0H2=0-o0[o0112011200C01110112001200H,cH,000o=oH, Method B: The procedure of Example V is repeated This product is related to the product of Example II-a',

with the exception of the order of addition of the reagents. which can be written as (IDJHS (11H; CHz-=CC0[O CHICHzQOCCHzCHgCOhO CHgCH OOCG=CHa The parts of succinic anhydride and 6 parts of ethylene EXAMPLE VII glycol are first reacted at 130 C., then the hydroquinone, The procedure f Example v is repeated a number the toluene, the toluene sulfonic acid and the hydroxyf ti but instead of using th 118 arts of succinic ethyl methacrylate are added and the reaction continued acid (1 mol. weight) equivalent molar weights of the until no more water of condensation is collected, then 20 following acids respectively are used:

(a) HO 0 0-00 OH (b) HOOC(CH:)mCOOH (c) H00 0 CHnO CHzCO OH CHgCHg (d) HOOC-C CH-COOH CHg-CH:

(e) HO O C (CH2)10C O OH CHgCHz (f) HOOCHzC-CH CH-CHIGCOH CHBC g (g) noocwmnownmooon and there is obtained the toluene is removed by distillation, leaving the same EXAMPLE VIII P as that of Example and Example In the reactor of Example I there is placed 26 parts of hydroxyethyl methacrylate, parts of carbon tetrachlo- EXAMPLE VI ride, 0.5 part of hydroquinone, 8 parts of sodium hydrox- To the Dean-Stark reactor of Example V-B there is ide dissolved in 50 parts of water, and to the stirred added 118 parts of succinic acid, 260 parts of hydroxymixture is added, at 20 C. slowly over a period of one ethyl methacrylate, 1 part of toluene sulfonic acid, 500 hour, 18.3 parts of adipoyl dichloride, (CH (COCl) parts of toluene, 1 part of hydroquinone and the mixture dissolved in 50 parts of carbon tetrachloride. The reacrefluxed until 36 parts of water are collected in the trap. tion mixture is then washed four times with 100 parts of The toluene sulfonic acid is neutralized with calcium hywater, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered, and

the carbon tetrachloride removed from the reaction product by distillation at 15 mm. pressure, leaving as the product,

CH3 CH3 17 18 When 28.8 parts of 2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate are EXAMPLE XII llsfid in this PIQCBdU-YG instead of 26 Parts Of y y y The procedures of Examples IX and X are repeated methacrylate, there is obtained using equivalent quantities of an aromatic dialcohol 11- CH3 CH3 CH3 CH3 EXAMPLE IX xylylidene glycol, HOCH C H CH OH, instead of ethyl- To the reactor of Example I there is added 24 parts of 6118 g y and there is Obtained a Series of Products of ethylene glycol and 50 parts of succinic anhydride (or 59 the general formula parts of succinic acid), and the mixture reacted at 180 in which C. for six hours or until titration of a sample with 1 N n=1 in Sample a sodium hydroxide shows that it is substantially n=5 in Sample b n:= in Sample c Th H0230 011; coocjr crj ooljxgnpgcoion 71:15 in Sample e pro uct ist en trans erre tot e eantar reactor of Example V-B, to which is added 26 parts of 2-hy- EXAMPLE XIII droxyethyl acrylate, 0.5 part of toluene sulfonic acid, 150 A sample of liquid polyester, I-a', in a layer one-half parts of toluene, 1 part of hydroquinone, and the mixture inch thick is placed in an aluminum cup and exposed,

refluxed until no more water of condensation is collected while open to air, to the beam of a l mev. Van der Graafi in the tap. The mixture is then treated as in Example accelerator. An increase in the viscosity of the sample V-b, and there is isolated the product is observed at 1 megarad and at 2.1 megarads the sample EXAMPLE X becomes completely crosslinked. When an identical Ihe f i i f i z gf is eXcePt that sample is exposed to the electron beam of an Arco Mark parts 0 et y ene g yco an par s o succimc an ydride are used instead of 24 Parts and 50 parts respec I microwave linear accelerator operating at a beam energy tively, and there is Obtained of 8 mev., the sample also becomes insoluble and in- In a similar Way by using 66 parts of ethylene glycol fusible at the same dosage, indicating that these tel-\ and 120 parts of succinic anhydride, there is obtained omerized polyesters are dose-rate independent.

(IT/Ha (b') CHFC-C OIO CHICHIO O C (CH2)2C 01120 CHzCHxO 0 CC=CH2 With 84 parts of ethylene glycol and 150 parts of succinic However, when the acetyl terminated polyester of Exanhydride there is obtained ample I-b' is irradiated in the same manner and at the (IE3 (13113 (c') OH =OCO-EOOHgOHzOOC(CHg)gCO}-OCHgCHgOOC-C=CH By varying the above ratios there is also prepared same or higher dosages up to megarad, degradation CH3 CH3 EXAMPLE XI and not crosslinking is observed, which is in accord with the data shown in Report NASASP58, Oflice of Tech- The procedures of Examp 16S IX and X are repeated nical Services, Department of Commerce, Washington,

using equivalent quantities of an aromatic dicarboxylic D.C. acid, phthahc anhydride, instead of the ahphatic dicar- 5 boxylic succinic anhydride, and there is obtained a series EXAMPLE XIV of products of the general form The samples of Example XI, a, b, c, d, and Example CH8 CH3 XII, a, b, c, d were irradiated by the procedure of Example XIII and no evidence of crosslinking is oh- I I CHFC CO[OCHCHZOOCCHCO]OCHCH00C C:CH 70 served at 1 2, 5, and 10 megarads Some increase in in which Wiscosity is observed at higher dosages than 15 megarads n=1 in Sample a and crosslinking becomes evident at about 23 megarads n=5 in Sampl for the samples of Example XI, and at about 20 megarads n=1() in Sample c for the samples of Examples XII. These show the efiect 21:12 in Sample d of the aromatic nuclei on the radiation dose required.

1 9 EXAMPLE XV The procedure of Example XIII is repeated seventeen times using respectively the samples of Example II, a, b, f j" f 8" Sample II-a' and II-b' crosslink at between 1.75 and 1.8 megarads, and all the others, with the exception of Sample I'll-g crosslink between 2 and 2.4 megarads, while III-g crosslinks at 2.9 megarads. The products vary from hard to rubbery masses depending on the length of alkylene groups.

EXAMPLE XVI EXAMPLE XVII All of the telomerized polyesters of Examples V to IX inclusive are irradiated by the procedure of Example XIII, and all crosslink at irradiation doses of less than 3.8 megarads.

EXAMPLE XVIII The telomerized polyesters of Example X are cast into glass vials by first heating them to 80 C. and then allowing them to cool to room temperature and exposed to the ionizing radiation beam of a 0.450 mev. electron accelerator. All of them become insoluble and infusible at the following dosages:

Megarads Sample Xa', n=l 4.2 Sample Xb', n= 12 4.6 Sample Xc, n=15 6.8 Sample Xd', n=l4 5.2

This data indicates that, a value of n of less than 15, that is, of 14 or less represents an economical upper limit for these telomerized polyesters. This value of less than 15 can be obtained as an average value such as for example, by mixing equal portions by weight the sample of Example IX, in which n=5 and the sample of Example X0 in which n=15. Such a mixture crosslinks at a dosage of 4.3 megarad.

When a mixture of nine parts of the polymer of Example II-a' and one part of the polymer of Example Xc' are mixed, irradiation crosslinking is observed at 2.9

megarad.

EXAMPLE XIX Parts Alkyd Resin A 80 Telomerized polyester Example I-a' 20 The alkyd resin A and the telomerized polyester are thoroughly and uniformly mixed and subjected to ionizing radiation and converted to an insoluble, infusible hard product at a dose of 3.6 megarads. Exposure to a dose of 8 megarads produces only a slightly harder product.

Fillers such as wood flour, alpha cellulose, shredded cellulose derivatives, asbestos, paper, cloth, sand, silica, calcium sulfate, etc. can be coated or impregnated with the mixture and the mass hardened by irradiation to produce formed articles of gOOd appearance and excellent physical properties and improved heat resistance.

To i p ove the heat resist n e further the foregoing 20 procedure is modified using a higher ratio of telomerized polyester to the unsaturated alkyd as follows:

Compositions of the kind illustrated in this example have the advantage that they do not contain radical initiators and can be stored for long periods of time, and still are readily cured Without the addition of catalyst by the simple expedient or subjecting them to irradiation.

EXAMPLE XX The procedure of Example XIX is repeated except that instead of Alkyd Resin A, there is used Alkyd Resin B and infusibility and insolubility is obtained at 3-4 megarads of irradiation.

The compositions of Examples XIX and XX can be used as room temperature, low pressure laminating resins for the preparation of reinforced laminates from glass mats or fabrics.

It will be understood of course that this invention is not limited to the interpolymerization of Alkyd Resins A and B with the telomerized polyester of Example Ia and that another acrylyl telomerized polyester alone or in combination can be used, for example, the telomerized polyesters of Examples II to X inclusive can be used.

In contrast, when the aromatic containing telomerized polyesters of Examples XI and XII and the acetyl telomerized polyester of Example I-b are used, irradiation doses in excess of 18 megarads are required to produce hard infusible polymers.

Similarly, high irradiation doses in excess of 16 megarads are required when the aromatic containing alkyd resin I is used with the acrylyl telomerized polyesters in contrast to the use of alkyd resins C, D, E, F, H and I which become infusible and insoluble in the range of 3.8 to 4.0 megarads.

The use of unsaturated alkyd resin G, which is an acrylyl terminated unsaturated alkyd in admixture with the acrylyl telomerized aliphatic type polyesters, for example, the polyesters of Examples I, II and III is particularly beneficial since in all cases crosslinking occurs within the range of 1.8 to 2.1 megarads.

EXAMPLE XXI A smoothly sanded pineboard 12 inches by 36 inches and /s-inch thick is coated on one surface with a mixture of equal parts of polyester of Example II-a and Example IX to produce a layer of polyester 0.005-inch in thickness, and the board is progressed under the sweeping beam of the linear accelerator to be given a uniform dose of 3 megarads. The finished board has the appearance of a high gloss varnished lumber.

When the above polyester mixture is blended and milled with '60 parts of titanium dioxide pigment (paint grade) and the pigmented polyester applied to wood, fiber board or concrete block, a porcelainized finish is obtained when the coating is irradiated.

EXAMPLE XXII Fifty parts of the telomerized polyester of Example I-a is diluted with 10 parts of glycol dirnethacrylate and a concrete panel %l-IIICI1 thick is impregnated with this solution and the panel irradiated to a dosage of 3.5 megarads; a water-impervious panel is obtained.

EXAMPLE XXlH A mixture of parts of exploded wood fibers of the type used to prepare fiber board, 12 parts of the telomerized polyester of Example X-b', 1 part of zinc stearate and seven parts of linseed oil are mulled to uniformity,

21 22 pressed into a board and given 4.8 megarads of irradia- 2. The process of claim 1 in which said diacrylyl tion. There is obtained a well knit, hard board which is polyester is intimately admixed with a copolymerizable readily paintable with either solvent type paints, or aquemonomer, said diacrylyl polyester comprising 1-99 perous emulsion paints. cent by weight of said copolymerizable mass and said EXAMPLE XXIV 5 copolymerizable monomer comprising 99-1 percent by weight of said copolymenzable mass.

Four parts of the polymer of Example X4) are adde 3. The process of claim 1 in which said diacrylyl polyto parts of water contammg 0.5% of sodlllm dioctyl ester is in intimate admixture with an unsaturated aliphatic sulfosuccinate as an emulsifying agent and the mixture alkyd resin, said diacrylyl polyester comprising 10-70 emulsified in a COHOidal mill. The emulsion of the telo- 10 percent by weight of said copolymerizable mass and said merized polyester is added to 50 parts of prepufled polyunsaturated aliphatic alkyd resin comprising about y 'ene beads mixed and the mixture tumbled until all 90 percent by weight of said copolymerizable mass. the beads are uniformly coated. The water is then allowed 4. The process of claim 1 in which said diacrylyl to evaporate from the coated foamed beads which adhere polyester has the formula CH3 CH3 slightly to each other. The coated foamed beads are then 5. The process of claim 1 in which said diacrylyl placed in a container such as a cardboard box and polyester has the formula E F CHF-C-COOCHZCHBOOCCH2OH2COOCHZCHZOOOCH2CH2COOCH2CH2OOC'C=CH2 irradiated to a dose of about 4 megarads. By this process 6. The process of claim 1 in which said diacrylyl there is obtained a foamed structure in which the beads polyester has the formula CHFCHCO 0 011201110 0 0 0132011200 0 011201120 0 COHzGHzG 0 0 CHzCHzO 0 0 CH=CH2 are all bonded with infusible bonds to each other, the 7. The process of claim 1 in which said diacrylyl shape of which conforms to the form of the container. polyester has the formula CH3 CH3 l l CHFCCO[O GHzOHaO O C (CHzhO OImO OHaCHgO O CC=CH:

8. The process of claim 1 in which said diacrylyl EXAMPLE XXV polyester has the formula A uniform mixture of 40 parts of the diacrylyl polyester of Example I and 60 parts of a plastisol grade of polyvinylchloride having a molecular weight of about 25,000 is prepared. This is melt extruded into pipe and given an irradiation dose of 3 megarads. The polyvinylchloride is [111 5 not degraded by this small dosage and the treatment makes CH o O OH CH0 0 C CH CH C O O CH the pipe insoluble and infusible so that it withstands hot 2- a a a a water at 210 F. and hot saturated brine at 215 F. with- E out softening. It also withstasds hot solutions of acetic on, 013, acid, toluene, carbon tertrachloride, etc. (13H: 6

While certain features of this invention have been described in detail with respect to various embodiments 0 thereof, it will, of course, be apparent that other modifif ([7353 cations can be made within the spirit and scope of this CH2=C -COOCH3CHOOOCHZCHQOOOCHQ invention and it is not intended to limit the invention to the exact details shown above except insofar as they are defined in the following claims.

The invention claimed is:

1. A process for producing an improved polyester resin 9. A process for producing an improved polyester resin composition comprising the treatment of a highly radiacomposition comprising the treatment of a highly radiation-sensitive telomerized diacrylyl polyester having the tion-sensitive telomerized diacrylyl polyester having the formula formula:

CH3 CH3 CHF-COOR'O[OCRCOOR'OLO C( 3=CHa CH3 OH;

I 0H,=oo o o RO [o 0 RC 0 0 R'0]..0 c-o=oH, wherein R represents a connecting linkage between the two adjacent carboxylic radicals selected from the class conwherein sistmg of a single valence bond and a divalent saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon radical having no R represents a connecting linkage between the two more than 10 carbon atoms; adjacent carboxylic radicals selected from the class R' represents .a saturated divalent aliphatic hydrocarconsisting of a single valence bond and a divalent bon radical having 2-10 carbon atoms; saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon radical having no R" is selected from the class consisting of hydrogen more than 10 carbon atoms;

and methyl; and R represents a saturated divalent aliphatic hydron is an integer having a value of 1-14; with at least carbon radical having 2-10 canbon atoms;

about 0.5 megarad and no more than about 8 R" is selected from the class consisting of hydrogen megarads of high energy, ionizing radiation equivand methyl; and

alent to at least 100,000-electron volts. n is an integer having a value of 1-14; with at least 23 24 about 0.5 megarad of high energy, ionizing radiation polyesters, Journal of Polymer Science, vol. 61, pp. 303- equivalent to at least 100,000 electron volts. 309 (1962).

Chemical Abstracts, vol. 54, p. 6204f. References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 5 MURRAY TILLMAN, Primary Examiner 2,379,251 6/1945 Muskat et al 260-485 RICHARD B. TURER, Assistant Examiner 2,973,331 2/1961 Kraft 260--76 3,336,418 8/1967 Dill 260 884 US. Cl. X.R.

OTHER REFERENCES 10 117--161; 204159.16, 159.19, 159.22; 2602.5, 17, 7.4,

Burlant & Hinsch, 'y-initiated crosslinking of unsaturated 22, 40, 75, 485, 486, 861, 862

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE PO-IOSU CERTIFICATE OF CORRECTION Patent No. 3,455,802 Dated July 15, 1969 lnventorbi) Gaetano F. D'Alelio It is certified that error appears in the above-identified patent and that said Letters Patent are hereby corrected as shown below:

Claim 1, column 2]., line 57,

3 f3 CH =C-COOR'OL6CRCOOR'Q7 OC- =cH should read 3 l aim 9, column 22, line 62,

Signed and sealed this 17th day of February 1970 (SEAL) Attest:

EDWARD M.FLETCHER,JR.

Attesting Officer Commissioner of Patents WILLIAM E. SCHUYLER, JR. 

